Beyond AGM, the lead carbon battery will be the storage solution

In the previous article we talked about how AGM batteries are the real future for energy storage and safety battery for electric cars.
(If you haven’t read it, here is the link to the article https://www.cam-srl.com/why-agm-batteries-are-the-future)

AGMs have now been a consolidated global reality for over 10 years.
But in addition to this battery, there is another type that could be the real future of the coming decades.
It’s called: LCB (LEAD-CARBON BATTERY)

How a Lead-Carbon Battery works

Before talking about LCB, we need to review how a LAB (Lead acid battery) works:
A LAB is composed of a negative Pb electrode and a positive PbO 2 electrode.
The exhaust products of both Pb and PbO2 are PbSO4.
The cycle time and charge acceptance of a LAB under a PSoC are predominantly limited by the sulfation of the negative Pb electrode

The lead-carbon battery is a modification of the classic lead-acid battery.
The parallel connection of Pb with AC (activated carbon) is transformed into an internal parallel connection, the LAB is transformed into an advanced LAB with a carbon – enhanced bifunctional lead-carbon composite negative electrode.
These lead-carbon electrodes have increased power and cycle life during PSoC operation.
Sulfation of LAB can be addressed by the addition of functional carbon materials, which can increase the conductivity of the negative plates and the steric hindrance effect that separates the growth of PbSO 4 particles, providing an extra active surface for growth of the energy branches of Pb

The increased charge acceptance of a lead-carbon electrode was also achieved by adding other nonporous carbonaceous materials [carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon nanofibers].

DISADVANTAGES

The lead-carbon composite electrode is more complicated than expected, although its components are very simple.
But it will only be a matter of time…
For scientists, I share the source of the scientific article in which I got the news
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-022-00134-w

ADVANTAGES OF LCBs

In energy storage, the advantages of lead-carbon batteries are exceptional thanks to strong charge acceptance, safety and reliability, and low production costs.

In addition to energy storage, lead-carbon batteries are also used in electric and hybrid cars.
Because they can quickly produce and absorb charge during vehicle acceleration and braking, lead-carbon batteries are particularly suitable for automobile start-stop systems. Compared to other technologies, lead-carbon batteries have clear advantages in terms of cost and safety.
The cost of a lead-carbon battery is approximately €130/kWh.
Once the battery is disposed of, the lead inside it can be easily recycled and reused.
The residual value of the failed battery is very high and is one of the economically feasible avenues for energy storage technology. At the same time, because the lead-carbon battery electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, as long as ventilation is maintained, combustion and explosion will not occur, so it is safe.
As the technology continues to mature in the future, lead-carbon batteries will occupy an increasing market share in the field of energy storage.

The fact remains that we need to produce homogeneous positive and negative plates capable of making the battery last.

Regarding the positive plate (PbO2) you must have a 100% tetragonal oxide, there are no other ways.
And you need to take care of the plates well.
The solution, in this case, remains CAM: THE lead oxide specialists.
If you want all the information about the production of high-performance lead oxide, click on the link below and you will receive the CAM BOX for free.

https://cam-srl.systeme.io/landing-page